Integrand size = 26, antiderivative size = 280 \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{9 \sqrt {3} a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{27 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{54 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \]
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Time = 0.09 (sec) , antiderivative size = 280, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 9, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.346, Rules used = {1369, 294, 296, 298, 31, 648, 631, 210, 642} \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{9 \sqrt {3} a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{27 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{54 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \]
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Rule 31
Rule 210
Rule 294
Rule 296
Rule 298
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 648
Rule 1369
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {\left (b^2 \left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )\right ) \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )^3} \, dx}{\sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = -\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {x}{\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right )^2} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {x}{a b+b^2 x^3} \, dx}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b}+b^{2/3} x} \, dx}{27 a^{4/3} b^2 \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b}+b^{2/3} x}{a^{2/3} b^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} b x+b^{4/3} x^2} \, dx}{27 a^{4/3} b^2 \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{27 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {-\sqrt [3]{a} b+2 b^{4/3} x}{a^{2/3} b^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} b x+b^{4/3} x^2} \, dx}{54 a^{4/3} b^{8/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \int \frac {1}{a^{2/3} b^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} b x+b^{4/3} x^2} \, dx}{18 a b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{27 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{54 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a b+b^2 x^3\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{9 a^{4/3} b^{8/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ & = \frac {x^2}{9 a b \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {x^2}{6 b \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}-2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{9 \sqrt {3} a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}-\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{27 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}}+\frac {\left (a+b x^3\right ) \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{54 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \sqrt {a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 1.05 (sec) , antiderivative size = 235, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.84 \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {-3 a^{4/3} b^{2/3} x^2+6 \sqrt [3]{a} b^{5/3} x^5-2 \sqrt {3} \left (a+b x^3\right )^2 \arctan \left (\frac {1-\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \left (a+b x^3\right )^2 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )+a^2 \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )+2 a b x^3 \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )+b^2 x^6 \log \left (a^{2/3}-\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{54 a^{4/3} b^{5/3} \left (a+b x^3\right ) \sqrt {\left (a+b x^3\right )^2}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 3.86 (sec) , antiderivative size = 89, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.32
method | result | size |
risch | \(\frac {\sqrt {\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}\, \left (\frac {x^{5}}{9 a}-\frac {x^{2}}{18 b}\right )}{\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{3}}+\frac {\sqrt {\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}}\, \left (\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (\textit {\_Z}^{3} b +a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}}\right )}{27 \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right ) b^{2} a}\) | \(89\) |
default | \(-\frac {\left (2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (-2 x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right ) b^{2} x^{6}+2 \ln \left (x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) b^{2} x^{6}-\ln \left (x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) b^{2} x^{6}-6 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{2} x^{5}+4 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (-2 x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right ) a b \,x^{3}+4 \ln \left (x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) a b \,x^{3}-2 \ln \left (x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) a b \,x^{3}+3 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a b \,x^{2}+2 \sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (-2 x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right ) a^{2}+2 \ln \left (x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right ) a^{2}-\ln \left (x^{2}-\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) a^{2}\right ) \left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )}{54 \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} b^{2} a {\left (\left (b \,x^{3}+a \right )^{2}\right )}^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(301\) |
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Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 512, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.83 \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\left [\frac {6 \, a b^{3} x^{5} - 3 \, a^{2} b^{2} x^{2} + 3 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a b^{3} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} x^{3} + a^{3} b\right )} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{a}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, b^{2} x^{3} - a b + 3 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a b x + 2 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x^{2} + \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a\right )} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{a}} - 3 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x}{b x^{3} + a}\right ) + {\left (b^{2} x^{6} + 2 \, a b x^{3} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (b^{2} x^{2} + \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} b x + \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) - 2 \, {\left (b^{2} x^{6} + 2 \, a b x^{3} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (b x - \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{54 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{5} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{3} b^{4} x^{3} + a^{4} b^{3}\right )}}, \frac {6 \, a b^{3} x^{5} - 3 \, a^{2} b^{2} x^{2} + 6 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (a b^{3} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} x^{3} + a^{3} b\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {\left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{a}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (2 \, b x + \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {\left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{a}}}{b}\right ) + {\left (b^{2} x^{6} + 2 \, a b x^{3} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (b^{2} x^{2} + \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} b x + \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right ) - 2 \, {\left (b^{2} x^{6} + 2 \, a b x^{3} + a^{2}\right )} \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (b x - \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{54 \, {\left (a^{2} b^{5} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{3} b^{4} x^{3} + a^{4} b^{3}\right )}}\right ] \]
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\[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^{4}}{\left (\left (a + b x^{3}\right )^{2}\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}}\, dx \]
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Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 149, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.53 \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\frac {2 \, b x^{5} - a x^{2}}{18 \, {\left (a b^{3} x^{6} + 2 \, a^{2} b^{2} x^{3} + a^{3} b\right )}} + \frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x - \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{27 \, a b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}} + \frac {\log \left (x^{2} - x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{54 \, a b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}} - \frac {\log \left (x + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{27 \, a b^{2} \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}} \]
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Time = 0.31 (sec) , antiderivative size = 185, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.66 \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=-\frac {\log \left (x^{2} + x \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{54 \, \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a b \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} - \frac {\left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left ({\left | x - \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{27 \, a^{2} b \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} - \frac {\sqrt {3} \left (-a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (-\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{27 \, a^{2} b^{3} \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} + \frac {2 \, b x^{5} - a x^{2}}{18 \, {\left (b x^{3} + a\right )}^{2} a b \mathrm {sgn}\left (b x^{3} + a\right )} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {x^4}{\left (a^2+2 a b x^3+b^2 x^6\right )^{3/2}} \, dx=\int \frac {x^4}{{\left (a^2+2\,a\,b\,x^3+b^2\,x^6\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \]
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